general knowledge refresher by o.p. khanna pdf

general knowledge refresher by o.p. khanna pdf

general knowledge refresher by o.p. khanna pdf Published this article :  China is well entrenched in the global marketplace but with Chinese piracy reported at 90 percent its the third least friendly country for protecting intellectual property (IP). Chinas accession into the World Trade Organization started four years ago. With this commitment to regulatory and economic restructuring China has indeed been a country of economic opportunity for multinational corporations. In theory WTO accession means that WTO members can enjoy IP protections. In China secure those patent protections carefully. Dot the is cross those ts and watch your language. Also anticipate litigation. According to attorneys A. Jason Mirabito and Carol Peters in a March 2005 article published in Chip Scale Review In the past there was little enforcement of IP in China. However in 2002 Chinese courts litigated more than 6000 civil cases involving IP issues. About 2000 cases involved patent suits. The rest were trademark and copyright actions. Those 2002 statistics pale compared to recent figures reported by the International Herald Tribune In 2005 Chinese courts dealt with 12205 civil intellectual property cases an increase of 32 percent from 2003 and a few dozen two decades ago. Consider one recent case which demonstrates that Chinas legal savvy is climbing with its growing stake in US markets and the global economy. The case also demonstrates the role of US courts in patent and IP protection along with the perseverant or energized stance required by US companies threatened by counterfeit goods or the prospect of piracy. Energizer & Eveready vs. Just about Everybody The dispute started in the spring of 2003 when Energizer Holdings a US company and its subsidiary Eveready filed a lawsuit with the International Trade Commission (ITC). The complaint addressed a signature product a long-lasting battery design—affecting in particular a line of zero mercury-added alkaline batteries that Energizer has held a patent on for three decades. Also mentioned in the suit are games toys and other products manufactured with batteries whose designs are protected. Energizer asked the ITC to issue a cease-and-desist order and to ban US imports of these products claiming the batteries exported to the United States by the 26 manufacturers affiliates or distributors named in the suit had infringed on Energizers US patent. Among the multiple respondents named in the complaint nine were Chinese manufacturers including Fujian Nanping Nanfu. Nanfu Battery is one of Chinas largest alkaline battery manufacturers and suppliers. Energizer requested the ITC investigation under Section 337 of the US Tariff Act. At the time of the original filing China was considered the worlds largest manufacturer and exporter of this specific battery with an estimated 75-80 percent of its goods being exported to overseas markets. According to a China press report Chinese batteries usually cost between a 10th and a third less than US-made ones making them very popular in overseas markets. The ITC handed down a preliminary ruling in 2004 deciding that nine manufacturers from the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong infringed upon Energizers patent and recommended banning imports of the batteries. But four months later the ITC closed its investigation and ruled that Energizers patent was invalid because it was …indefinite as a matter of law…. Or in the legalese The Commission held that Evereadys proffer of alternative constructions of said zinc anode was an admission of indefiniteness. In plain terms the main patent claim or its language was incorrectly written. Attorneys Mirabito and Peters reported that the Commission determined there was no infringement of the Energizer Holdings patents and the continued importation of Chinese batteries was permitted. It Just Keeps on Going and Going… True to the brand as the battery that never quits Energizer kept on going and going and appealed the ITCs final decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. In the suit Energizer named the ITC as defendants. Energizers main contention was that the issue regarding language was not substantial enough to invalidate the patent. The Courts January 25 2006 ruling and a follow-up March 20 mandate reversed the earlier ITC opinion finding that the ITC erred and the patent draft was written correctly enough. In that regard we conclude that anode gel is by implication the antecedent basis for said zinc anode. The Commissions holding of invalidity on the ground of indefiniteness is reversed. In the unanimous ruling the Court directed the Commission to proceed in accordance with the Administrative Law Judges prior ruling that the Energizer patent is valid according to Legal Times analyst Emma Shwartz. It was a happy day at Energizer headquarters in St. Louis. We are pleased that this case has been sent back to the ITC for review said Michael Pophal Senior Patent Counsel at Energizer quoted in a company press release (http//tinyurl.com/kfb6m). By issuing this mandate the appeals court has cleared the way for additional inquiry into whether those companies that import mercury-free alkaline batteries into the United States are doing so illegally. If it is indeed determined that they are doing so illegally the ITC will then determine the appropriate remedy for that illegal activity. As before Energizer will seek the general exclusion remedy in the ITC. If the ITC upholds the companys claim this remedy will bar infringing batteries including those made or sold by the remaining respondents from importation or sale in the US and will permit sanction enforcement by US Customs. Whats Next? A Changing Landscape? Energizer expects a favorable outcome from the ITC. But even as they await the ITC review the Internet-surfing public has been reading about the recent ITC mandate in starkly opposite terms in China recent press accounts erroneously have been reporting that the Court ruled in favor of Chinese manufacturers. They fail to report that the jury with respect to the ITC is still out. It appears that a gentle collaboratively toned communication between Energizer and China has helped the situation. Many of the erroneous reports have been pulled from news sites. While Energizer seems to be battling questionable imports the longest and hardest they arent the only company doing battle with Chinese manufacturers and companies alleging technology violations of patents trademarks and IP infringements. The litigious ranks include Hitachi-IBM and Cisco who won its patent battle over the Shenzhen-based Huawei in 2003. Cisco eventually proved that Huawei arguably the top Chinese provider of switches and wireless infrastructure had copied the U.S. companies firmware code line for line into its products. Huawei settled. Still other recent cases are coming to favorable conclusions for plaintiffs defending goods in China courtrooms an indicator that China is serious about its place in the WTO and in the global economy. -- In late 2005 java giant Starbucks Coffee won its two-year-old case against Xingbake (translation Star Bucks) for trademark and logo infringement. The case was decided in Shanghai No. 2 Intermediate Peoples Court and was considered a landmark judgment and litmus test of Chinas amended trademark laws. Xingbake has filed an appeal. -- In 2004 Swiss agribusiness and agricultural chemical maker Syngenta was awarded an apology and compensation after its patent infringement lawsuit was successfully concluded against a Chinese business group. The case was heard in a Nanjing court one known for its expertise in intellectual property. There is little doubt that Chinas government will quickly improve its IP stance but this analyst believes the most effective pressure will come from its own domestic companies particularly as they evolve from a heavily manufacturing-depending economy to a service and integrated products economy. This more sophisticated economic profile makes IP rights even more critical because more Chinese companies will have more at stake when IP is violated. Recent positive announcements make it clear that rule of law increasingly will be guiding Chinas economy. In the meantime keep your intellectual property under a close watch and build trust with your Chinese partners. Good contracts good guanxi and good sense will prove invaluable. general knowledge refresher by o.p. khanna pdf

general knowledge refresher by o.p. khanna pdf

shine india magazine download

shine india magazine download

shine india magazine download  Published this article page no  How to Improve the Quality of Interviews Meetings and Settlement Conferences by Learning to Use Advocacy and Inquiry More Effectively. As NJ divorce attorneys we are trained to be advocates in the process known as adversarial. Many of us self-selected into the legal profession partly because our underlying personality and temperament traits are geared toward advocacy. Similarly lawyers the good ones are typically quite inquisitive. Their questioning techniques however often take on the tone of cross-examination. We can all stand to improve the way we practice the non-adversarial settlement-oriented part of our profession by paying attention to the way we employ the principles of advocacy and inquiry. Advocacy is stating ones views. Examples of advocacy include sharing how youre feeling describing what youre thinking stating a judgment pushing for a particular course of action decision or outcome and making demands. Inquiry is asking a genuine question. By asking real questions information is truly sought. Rhetorical or leading questions are a kind of advocacy in disguise. Weve all observed journalists and other questioners with not-so-hidden agendas pose inquiries such as Isnt it true that your administrations domestic fiscal policy has done a disservice to the elderly? Another loaded style of pseudo question-asking might go something like Some people (not me of course) might say that you handled yourself rather poorly in the first two debates. How would you respond to such criticism? In any discussion or conference we are engaged in we can be high or low on advocacy. The same can be said for inquiry. Regardless of whether our advocacy and inquiry levels are high or low at a given instance we can come across positively or negatively depending upon our style intent and often habit. For instance if we are operating from a high advocacy low inquiry perspective we come across quite positively if we are truly explaining our point of view. Cramming our viewpoint down the other partys throat conversely is a destructive tendency. It should be mentioned that high advocacy/low inquiry results in one way communication even if both people are engaged in it. It can be useful for giving information but doesnt enhance understanding of diverse perspectives or build commitment to a specific course of action. Advocacy that imposes the proponents views on others usually creates either compliance or resistance. On the other hand If we are geared up in the inquiry department but toning down the advocacy we can conduct meaningful non-threatening information gathering interviews or we can find ourselves falling into interrogation mode a natural tendency for many NJ divorce lawyers. High inquiry/low advocacy results in one way communication in a different sense in that the inquirer refrains from stating his or her views or beliefs. While it can be quite useful for finding out information it can create difficulties when the inquirer has a hidden agenda or is really using the questioning process as a device to get the other person to discover what the inquirer already thinks is right or both. There are certainly times when keeping both advocacy and inquiry levels to minimum is the way to proceed. This is what were doing well when we are observing or listening attentively. The flip side in this realm is withdrawal. Weve all observed this in four-way settlement conferences when a sore topic is being discussed with one spouse preaching from the soapbox while the other checks out mentally and glazes over. Low inquiry/low advocacy also flows in one direction Participants watch but contribute relatively little. This approach is ideally employed when being a tacit observer is useful but it can create difficulties when participants withhold their views on key issues. Finally in the context of energetic sessions when we are high in both advocacy and inquiry departments mutual learning or appreciation of each others viewpoints is the objective. High advocacy/high inquiry fosters two way communication and learning. I state my views and I inquire into yours I invite you to state your views and inquire into mine. We must be careful particularly in the context of settlement talks not to over-work the process. When excessive communications generate too much information density participants become worn-out irritable and confused or overwhelmed. Positive energy is a great thing but its also important to keep dialogues down to a manageable pace. Participants need time for things to sink-in. Managing the pace of high advocacy high inquiry discussion is also indispensable when taking into account the differences between introverted and extraverted (not a spelling error but rather the Jungian term) personality types. While extraverts often relish high pace high energy dialogue introverts often find them quite distracting if not frankly annoying. Balancing advocacy with inquiry is necessary. Taken alone however the balancing process is not enough to promote a positive meeting of the minds. In order for this to occur the quality of advocacy and inquiry is also vital. For example Thats a really moronic comment. How long did it take you to come up with that one? is both a statement and a question but it doesnt encourage negotiated problem solving. Ideally our use of advocacy should involve providing information to others and explaining exactly how we moved from observing or collecting this information to our view of the situation. Competent use of inquiry entails honestly seeking others views probing how they arrived at them and encouraging them to challenge our perspective. Balancing high quality advocacy with high quality inquiry makes significant breakthroughs possible. A DOZEN PRACTICE TIPS If we assume that we are obviously right and that our job is to get others to realize what we already know we will be unable to promote either agreement on a specific issue or ultimate settlement. Accordingly we are well advised to 1) Assume from the onset that we may be missing things that others see and seeing things that others miss. If we begin with this assumption the result is that we will listen more intelligently and inquire more genuinely without downplaying our own views. 2) Assume that others are acting in ways that make sense to them and that they are motivated to act with integrity. (This advice applies regardless of whether you believe another to be Demon Seed or the reincarnation of Mother Theresa of Calcutta.) 3) Attempt to understand what leads to behavior that we find problematic. Are others caught-up in dilemmas? Are we contributing to any problems? 4) Help others to understand or appreciate our viewpoints and how we think about them by giving examples of the underlying data we select. Go on to state the meaning that we find in the examples and explaining the steps in our thinking to others. 5) Describe our understanding of the others reasoning. 6) If we notice negative consequences to what others may be doing identify the consequences without attributing any intent on their part to create those consequences. Distinguish between intent and impact between motive and outcome. 7) When choosing to disclose our emotions we must endeavor to do so without implying that the other person is primarily responsible for creating our emotional reactions. Remember also Eleanor Roosevelts observation that no one can make us feel inferior without our permission. 8) Find out how others see the situation by asking them to give examples of the information they selected from which they necessarily drew the inferences which lead to their conclusions. Ask them to explain the steps in their thinking. 9) Ask for help in finding out what we may be missing by encouraging others to identify possible gaps or errors in our thinking. 10) When we have difficulty with how others are acting ask them to explain what has prompted them to act as they have done in a tone that suggests they may have a reasonable answer. 11) Inquire into others feelings and emotions but dont ask Whats your problem? or Why do you get so worked up? Say instead You appear to be sad about something am I right? Do you feel comfortable talking about it? 12) Ask for help in exploring whether we are unknowingly contributing to the problem. Quite often well-intended action on our part is problematic for others. These tips have been extraordinarily helpful to many both in their work and private lives. I hope that you will find them helpful. shine india magazine download

banking services chronicle magazine

 banking services chronicle magazine 

banking services chronicle magazine  Published this article  Similarly it is time we link climate change—the greatest lifestyle related catastrophe and health—with NCDs. We in our cities are certainly beginning to see how vector-borne diseases are growing because of the changes in weather. We know that heat and cold stress will grow making the poor more vulnerable. But it is not just for WHO to make this call. The fact is that of our institutions must confront this reality. The link between foul environment—our air water pollution mounds of garbage or toxins in food— and health is so evident that it is crying for solutions. There is no hiding from this anymore. The good news is that our health is also the only real trigger for environmental action. We will act to improve the environment when we know it impacts us directly. For instance today in Delhi there is outrage against the pollution in the air. This is because when there is public health emergency in winter—when pollution levels spiralled out of control—people have come to understand the link between toxins and our bodies. So people want change because now there is a link between environment and their health. This is important and different. From pesticide poisoning to water pollution this body connection has been harder to establish. Also unlike in water pollution we dont connect the dying river to our taps. And if we do there is always the option of installing a household water filter or just buying bottled water. banking services chronicle magazine

banking services chronicle magazine 

competition in focus arihant

 competition in focus arihant 

competition in focus arihant Published this article  Further optimising the E-waste recycling chain requires strict monitoring enforcement and tracking realization of economies of scale and global cooperation. Failing to address any of these elements will result in suboptimal resource efficiency while posing a risk to the environment. Enforcement of EPR targets and comprehensive monitoring of formal recycling flows and processes is a critical first step to avoid leakage of valuable materials to an uncontrolled informal sector. This monitoring will lead to the creation of a level playing field where all the stakeholders shall be held accountable for their actions during the process of collection dismantling processing extraction and recycling. Thus a stepwise approach is essential for optimizing the recycling chain during all stages of the process rather than only at the beginning or the end as the current policy advocates. All the steps involved in the recycling process should be critically benchmarked against international best practices to derive maximum financial environmental and resource efficiency. competition in focus arihant

competition in focus arihant 

competition wizard monthly magazine

 competition wizard monthly magazine

 competition wizard monthly magazine Publish this articles page no  These committees are mandated to have 50% women members.  It is a fact that Panchayats with greater women membership have performed better in projects like· drinking water supply sanitation etc. UN Report. Further a suitable representation of the weaker section of the society is there in the Pani Samiti.  Information Technology has been leveraged to collate and display real-time nationwide water· data on a portal www.ejalshakti.gov.in.  A Rashtriya Jal Jeevan Kosh RJJKis setup for accepting contributions from private players.· VAJIRAM AND RAVI Yojana Summary-April 2021 Page 6 WATER GOVERNANCE  The average annual precipitation of 3880 billion cubic meters BCM in India is highly variable both· in time and space.After evaporation we are left with about 2000 BCM of water. We cannot utilise this quantity in full owing to geological and other factors.  The utilisable water resources are about 1122 BCM 690 BCM or 61% surface water and 432· BCM or 39% groundwater.  The water resources utilised are about 700 BCM 450 BCM of surface water and 250 BCM of· groundwater. It is estimated that our annual requirement would be about 843 BCM in 2025 and 1180 BCM in 2050. Water Uses Statistics  About 78% of water utilised goes for agriculture 8% goes towards domestic use 6% is used· for industry and the remaining 8% goes towards other uses.  Indias per capita water availability is declining – it reduced from 1816 cubic meters in 2001 to· 1545 cubic meters in 2011. We are already in a water stressed situation defined by per capita availability of less than 1700 cubic meters. competition wizard monthly magazine

 

competition wizard monthly magazine

competition wizard magazine subscription

 competition wizard magazine subscription

 competition wizard magazine subscription Publish this articles page no  More importantly other than in the case of agriculture we do not consume water. We use and· discharge. Therefore it can be treated and then reused and recycled. VAJIRAM AND RAVI Yojana Summary-April 2021 Page 4  So this is one future we can change.For this we need to get the policy and practice of water management right. Evolution of Water Policy  Till the late 1980s water management was largely confined to the issue of irrigation projects — the· building of dams and canals to store and supply water long distances. But then came the big droughts of the late 1980s and it became clear that it was not enough to plan for augmenting water only through large projects.  In the droughts of the late 1990s state governments launched massive programmes to capture· rainwater. Later these efforts coalesced into the Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Act investing labour into building rural water assets.  By this time it was also understood that groundwater- considered a minor resource was the  major supplier of water for both drinking water and irrigation in the country.  It was also understood that over 50 per cent of agriculture was still rainfed and so water· conservation and decentralised rainwater harvesting was critical for productivity.  In the decade of 2010 the crisis of urban drought hit homes. competition wizard magazine subscription

 

competition wizard magazine subscription

competition wizard magazine

competition wizard magazine

Competition wizard magazine published this article page no 28 as a result more than 6.95 crore (36.3%) rural households in the country are getting assured and potable tap water in their homes this shows the commitment of the government and the speed and scale of works being done under jal jeevan mission competition wizard subscription.